Мікрофлора ротової порожнини при пародонтиті у собак та її чутливість до антибіотиків

Abstract

За останні роки значно зростає популяція дрібних тварин не лише в містах, але і в сільській місцевості. В умовах міст, коли собак утримують у квартирах, змінюють їх тип годівлі, не збалансовують раціон, незначну увагу приділяють очистці ротової порожнини та не дотримуються правил селекційного відбору і виникають різні захворювання зубощелепової системи. За недостатньої гігієни ротової порожнини на яснах та емалі зубів збільшується ріст не тільки нормальної мікрофлори, але і бактерій, які за зниження резистентності організму можуть викликати запальні процеси [1–7].

За последние годы значительно возрастает популяция мелких животных не только в городах, но и в сельской местности. В условиях городов, когда собак содержат в квартирах, меняют их тип кормления, не балансируют рацион, незначительное внимание уделяют очистке полости рта и не соблюдают правил селекционного отбора и возникают различные заболевания зубочелюстной системы. При недостаточной гигиене полости рта на деснах и эмали зубов увеличивается рост не только нормальной микрофлоры, но и бактерий, которые при снижение резистентности организма могут вызвать воспалительные процессы [1–7].

In recent years, the population of small animals significantly increasing not only in cities but also in rural areas. In urban environments, when the dogs kept in apartments, their type of feeding change, the diet do not balance, minor attention is paid to cleaning of the oral cavity and the rules of selection and breeding does not adhere, different diseases of teeth-jaw system appear. In the case of the development and course of inflammatory periodontal diseases functional possibility of teeth-jaw system are reduced and other somatic pathological processes are induced in the body of dogs. Insufficient hygiene of the mouth the growth of normal microflora on the gums and tooth enamel increases, but bacteria, which by reducing the resistance of the organism can cause inflammation, also increases. A study of the microflora from the oral cavity was performed in dogs with clinical examination which periodontitis and tartar were found. The cultures were made on special and differential diagnostic medium (yolk-salt agar, Endo's agar and agar of Mueller-Hinton). Sensitivity to antibiotics in microbial material from the mouth of a sick dog we explored by the disk diffusion method (DDM) on the agar of Mueller-Hinton. We used paper discs, impregnated by antibiotics of different pharmacological groups (oxacillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin). These products are recommended for application by the European Committee for the definition of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents (EUCAST) to influence on Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. Ideology of EUCAST acknowledges the existence of differences between laboratory and clinical sensitivity of microorganisms, therefore, the diameters of zones of growth inhibition for specific combinations of microorganisms-antibiotic are determined by statistical methods through the work of European reference laboratories and permanently available on the website of EUCAST. On Endo’s agar we are received a small number of flat, dark crimson, medium size colonies that were attributed to Enterococcus after microscopy. On the yolk-salt agar and agar of Mueller-Hinton (AMH) isolated microorganisms are of several types: small, rounded, convex, shiny, smooth white colonies, round, flat, smooth, shiny, yellowish colonies are medium in size; a considerable amount of pale yellow small colonies (ample touches produce on salt agar and film on the AMH). Microscopy of colonies, strokes and films from visum in different media (simple staining using of gencianviolet) identified not only coccal organisms in microbial material, but a significant amount of mold hyphae and single cells of the bacillus. Only 2 drug (clindamycin and chloramphenicol) among the 7 used antibiotics on the microbial association affected effectively, that is 29% of the applied. To individual members of penicillins, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones of first generation microbes selected isolate was resistant. Thus, the microbial film of oxacillin did not act at all, and cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin showed only a slight bacteriostatic effect. Cid action was typical for the aminoglycoside (gentamicin) and chloramphenicol. So, the zone of growth inhibition of Staphylococcus for chloramphenicol exceeded the normative values at 88%, erythromycin 42%, gentamycin – 22%, clindamycine – 9%. So, analyzing the data obtained it can be concluded that the only 2 antibiotics (chloramphenicol and clindamycin) were bactericide and the use of these antibiotics is effective in the treatment of periodontitis in dogs.