Фунгіцидні властивості ефіроолійних рослин роду Artemisia відносно Fusarium oxysporum

Abstract

Встановлено фунгіцидну активність водних екстрактів Artemisia maritimа L., Artemisia austriaca Jacq.,при концентраціях 100, 50 і 25 мг/мл (на сиру речовину) відносно фітопатогенного гриба Fusarium oxysporum. Виявлено фунгістатичний вплив екстракту Artemisia dracunculus L. при концентраціях 25 та 50 мг/мл, фунгіцидний – при 100 мг/мл. Щодо Artemisia abrotanum L., уповільнений ріст гриба спостерігався при концентрації 25 мг/мл, фунгіцидна дія – при 50 і 100 мг/мл. Очевидно, фунгіцидні властивості досліджуваних рослин зумовлені кількісним та якісним компонентним складом біологічно активних речовин - ефірних олій, фенольних сполук та інших речовин.

The paper establishes the fungicidal activity of water extracts of Artemisia maritimа L., Artemisia austriaca Jacq., under the concentration of 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml on dry matter with regard to the phytopathogenic mushroom Fusarium oxysporum. It also shows the fungistatic influence of extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. under concentration 25 and 50 mg/ml, fungicidal – under 100 mg/ml. Concerning Artemisia abrotanum L., the slow growth of mushroom is observed under the concentration 25 mg/ml, fungicidal effect – under 50 and 100 mg/ml. The paper provides the information on the component composition of ethereal oil and phenolic compounds of Artemisia maritimа, Artemisia austriaca, Artemisia abrotanum, Artemisia dracunculus, cultivated in Zhytomyr Polissya. The chief ingredients of ethereal oil which is synthesized by the plant of Artemisia abrotanum are 1,8-cineole (30.44%) and camphor (31.92%). A high 1,8-cineole and camphor content determines antimicrobial properties of the plants. Amount of phenolic compounds in the air-dry raw Artemisia abrotanum is 2.98 per cent. By the method of highly efficient solution chromatography (HESChr) in the grass of Artemisia abrotanum we have detected 23 phenolic compounds, of which we identified such flavonoids as rutin, luteolin-7-glycoside as well as caffeic, chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids. The main compounds of ethereal oil of Artemisia austriaca are trans-verbenole (30,77 %), pinocarvone (10,77 %) and sabinilacetate (18,16 %). In the grass of Artemisia austriaca we have detected 31 phenolic compounds, of which we identified such flavonoids as rutin, apigenin, quercetin-bioside and the following acids: caffeic, chlorogenic, and isochlorogenic. Amount of phenolic compounds in the air-dry raw Austrian wormwood is 27,25 mg / g (2.73 %). The main component of ethereal oil of Artemisia dracunculus is methyleugenol (94.65 %). We have discovered 31 phenolic compounds in the grass of linear-leaved wormwood, from which four substances such as rutin, luteolin-7-glycoside, apigenin-7-glycoside and isochlorogenic acid have been identified. The dominant compounds of ethereal oil of Artemisia maritima are α-thujone (41.59 %) and camphor (23.56 %). Obviously, the fungicidal properties of plants are conditioned by the quantitative and qualitative content of biologically active substances – ethereal oils, fenolic compounds and other matters. The paper draws attention to the prospects of the further more detailed study of extracts of aromatic plants of the genus Artemisia with the aim of producing antibacterial and antifungal herbal preparations.