Шикана як особливий вид зловживання правом

Abstract

У статті визначено поняття «шикана», виокремлено основні її ознаки, подано характеристику шикани як категорії матеріального права та шикани як різновиду зловживання процесуальними правами, визначено проблеми доказування шикани у судовій практиці та шляхи їх подолання. Зроблено висновок, що шикана є особливим видом зловживання правом і реалізується виключно з прямим умислом та єдиною метою завдати шкоди іншій особі.

Existence of the phenomenon of the use by subject given to him rights by harm to the person, to society, state as a result of modem tendencies to increase the number of the equitable rights recognized by individual and expansion of maintenance of certain competences, acquires more greater practical expression. Such form the abuse of right is designated by the term of Chicane. It is worthy of note that chicane was fixed in the legislation of foreign countries. However, in the legislation of Ukraine the term of chicane is not fixed, this is a substantial defect in it. The basic features of chicane are: harm to other person; direct intention; unlawfulness; the object of infringement are property and personal unproperty rights and interests of subjects; presence of harm; guilt. It is worthy of note that chicane can possesses both material and judicial character. Chicane as a category of material right used in exploitation rights for restriction of competition, abuse of dominant position at the market, distribution of unreliable information for injure. Chicane as the special type the abuse of judicial rights is the kind of offence that determines impermissible exercise of judicial right as such, that does the consideration of case in a court amiss, unfair and causes the offensive of harmful consequences for other side, in particular inconveniences of property and moral character. The problems of proofing of chicane in judicial practice are a overspecified process. In fact, it is known that for establishment in the actions of person of chicane, it is necessary to set the fact of presence realization of the equitable right a person for injure other. We came to the conclusion, that chicane is the special type of abuse of right that exercised with direct intention and with single purpose − inflict harm to other person.

В статье определено понятие «шикана», выделены основные ее признаки, дана характеристика шиканы как категории материального права и шиканы как разновидности злоупотребления процессуальными правами, определены проблемы доказывания шиканы в судебной практике и пути их преодоления. Сделан вывод, что шикана является видом злоупотребления правом, совершаемого с прямым умыслом и целью причинить вред другому лицу.